1. Home
  2. Vol 8, No 1 (2022)
  3. Hasanah

Determinan Wasting pada Balita di Masa Pandemi COVID-19

DOI: 10.29241/jmk.v8i1.910

Author

Dina Khomariyatul Hasanah(1*), Irwanto Irwanto(2), Annis Catur Adi(3)

(1) Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
(2) Departemen Ilmu Anak, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
(3) Departemen Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
(1*) Corresponding Author

Full Text

Full Text: View / Download PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View : 1035 times; PDF Download : 1137 times

Abstract

Pandemi COVID-19 dan upaya mitigasinya meningkatkan risiko wasting balita yang sebelumnya sudah ada. Wasting mengancam kelangsungan hidup dan meningkatkan risiko kematian balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penyakit infeksi, hygiene sanitasi, dan pendapatan keluarga terhadap terjadinya wasting balita di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian observasional analitik design case control dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mangli-Jember sejak bulan Agustus hingga September 2021. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Total sampel penelitian sebesar 174 balita terdiri dari 60 balita wasting sebagai kelompok kasus dan 114 balita normal sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner serta dianalisis menggunakan chi square test dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit infeksi (p=0,015; OR 2,25; CI=1,019-4,993), hygiene sanitasi (p=0,015; OR 2,76; CI=1,038-7,386), dan pendapatan keluarga (p=0,007; OR 3; CI=1,041-8,699) mempengaruhi terjadinya wasting balita di masa pandemi COVID-19. Diperlukan penguatan edukasi masyarakat tentang gizi balita, wasting, dan perilaku hidup bersih sehat melalui media sosial dan aplikasi pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang mudah diakses oleh ibu balita.

 

Kata kunci: Penyakit infeksi, Hygiene sanitasi, Pendapatan, Wasting Balita


Keywords

Infectious disease, Sanitation hygiene, Income, Toddler wasting

References

Aguayo, V. M., Badgaiyan, N., & Dzed, L. (2017). Determinants of child wasting in Bhutan. Insights from nationally representative data. Public Health Nutrition, 20(2), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002111

Akseer, N., Kandru, G., Keats, E. C., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: Implications for maternal and child health and nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(2), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa171

Aryastami, N. K., Shankar, A., Kusumawardani, N., Besral, B., Jahari, A. B., & Achadi, E. (2017). Low birth weight was the most dominant predictor associated with stunting among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. BMC Nutrition, 3(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0130-x

Bhutta, Z. A., Das, J. K., Walker, N., Rizvi, A., Campbell, H., Rudan, I., & Black, R. E. (2013). Interventions to address deaths from childhood pneumonia and diarrhea equitably: What works and at what cost? The Lancet, 381(9875), 1417–1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60648-0

Bourke, C. D., Berkley, J. A., & Prendergast, A. J. (2016). Immune Dysfunction as a Cause and Consequence of Malnutrition. Trends in Immunology, 37(6), 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2016.04.003

Brown, J., Cairncross, S., & Ensink, J. H. J. (2013). Water, sanitation, hygiene, and enteric infections in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98(8), 629–634. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301528

Chase, C., & Ngure, F. (2016). Multisectoral Approaches to Improving Nutrition: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (p. 42). World Bank Group. https://www.issuelab.org/resources/23783/23783.pdf

Chowdhury, T. R., Chakrabarty, S., Rakib, M., Afrin, S., Saltmarsh, S., & Winn, S. (2020). Factors associated with stunting and wasting in children under 2 years in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 6(9), e04849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04849

Cumming, O., & Cairncross, S. (2016). Can water, sanitation, and hygiene help eliminate stunting? Current evidence and policy implications: Water, sanitation and hygiene, and stunting. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12258

Das, S., & Gulshan, J. (2017). Different forms of malnutrition among under-five children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study on prevalence and determinants. BMC Nutrition, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-016-0122-2

Derso, T., Tariku, A., Biks, G. A., & Wassie, M. M. (2017). Stunting, wasting and associated factors among children aged 6–24 months in Dabat health and demographic surveillance system site: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics, 17(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0848-2

Fekadu, Y., Mesfin, A., Haile, D., & Stoecker, B. J. (2015). Factors associated with nutritional status of infants and young children in Somali Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 846. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2190-7

García Cruz, L., González Azpeitia, G., Reyes Súarez, D., Santana Rodríguez, A., Loro Ferrer, J., & Serra-Majem, L. (2017). Factors Associated with Stunting among Children Aged 0 to 59 Months from the Central Region of Mozambique. Nutrients, 9(5), 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9050491

Harapan, H., Itoh, N., Yufika, A., Winardi, W., Keam, S., Te, H., Megawati, D., Hayati, Z., Wagner, A. L., & Mudatsir, M. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(5), 667–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019

Harding, K. L., Aguayo, V. M., & Webb, P. (2018). Factors associated with wasting among children under five years old in South Asia: Implications for action. PLOS ONE, 13(7), e0198749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198749

Harjatmo, T. P., Par’i, H. M., & Wiyono, S. (2017). Bahan Ajar Gizi: Penilaian Status Gizi (1st ed.). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/pusdiksdmk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/PENILAIAN-STATUS-GIZI-FINAL-SC.pdf

Headey, D., Heidkamp, R., Osendarp, S., Ruel, M., Scott, N., Black, R., Shekar, M., Bouis, H., Flory, A., Haddad, L., & Walker, N. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on childhood malnutrition and nutrition-related mortality. The Lancet, 396(10250), 519–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31647-0

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Buku Saku Pemantauan Status Gizi Tahun 2017.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. http://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Buku-Saku-Nasional-PSG-2017-Cetak-1.pdf

Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, & United Nations Children’s Fund. (2017). Laporan Baseline SDG tentang Anak-Anak di Indonesia. BAPPENAS dan UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/1471/file/SDG%20Baseline%20report%20Indonesian.pdf

Konstantyner, T., Roma Oliveira, T. C., & de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei, J. A. (2012). Risk Factors for Anemia among Brazilian Infants from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey. Anemia, 2012, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/850681

Li, Z., Kim, R., Vollmer, S., & Subramanian, S. V. (2020). Factors Associated With Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight in 35 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JAMA Network Open, 3(4), e203386. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3386

Machira, K., & Chirwa, T. (2020). Dietary consumption and its effect on nutrition outcome among under-five children in rural Malawi. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0237139. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237139

Marshak, A., Young, H., Bontrager, E. N., & Boyd, E. M. (2017). The Relationship Between Acute Malnutrition, Hygiene Practices, Water and Livestock, and Their Program Implications in Eastern Chad. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 38(1), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572116681682

Mshida, H. A., Kassim, N., Mpolya, E., & Kimanya, M. (2018). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices Associated with Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in Semi-Pastoral Communities Tanzania. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98(5), 1242–1249. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0399

Olofin, I., McDonald, C. M., Ezzati, M., Flaxman, S., Black, R. E., Fawzi, W. W., Caulfield, L. E., Danaei, G., & for the Nutrition Impact Model Study (anthropometry cohort pooling). (2013). Associations of Suboptimal Growth with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Children under Five Years: A Pooled Analysis of Ten Prospective Studies. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e64636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064636

Panthi, B., Khanal, P., Dahal, M., Maharjan, S., & Nepal, S. (2020). An urgent call to address the nutritional status of women and children in Nepal during the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01210-7

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2020-2024, Pub. L. No. 21 (2020).file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/Renstra%20Kemenkes%20Tahun%202020-2024.pdf

Pickering, A. J., & Davis, J. (2012). Freshwater Availability and Water Fetching Distance Affect Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(4), 2391–2397. https://doi.org/10.1021/es203177v

Protano, C., Andreoli, R., Manini, P., & Vitali, M. (2012). How home-smoking habits affect children: A cross-sectional study using urinary cotinine measurement in Italy. International Journal of Public Health, 57(6), 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0354-0

Putri, P. D., Susanto, A. D., Hudoyo, A., Nurwidya, F., Taufik, F. F., Andarini, S., & Antariksa, B. (2018). Correlation between Domestic Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Respiratory Complaints, Hospitalization and School Absence due to Respiratory Complains in the Indonesian Elementary School-Aged Children. International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research, 8(4), 244–248. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_344_17

Raihan, M. J., Farzana, F. D., Sultana, S., Haque, M. A., Rahman, A. S., Waid, J. L., McCormick, B., Choudhury, N., & Ahmed, T. (2017). Examining the relationship between socioeconomic status, WASH practices, and wasting. PLOS ONE, 12(3), e0172134. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172134

Saaka, M., & Galaa, S. Z. (2016). Relationships between Wasting and Stunting and Their Concurrent Occurrence in Ghanaian Preschool Children. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4654920

UNICEF (Ed.). (2013). Improving child nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. United Nations Children’s Fund.

United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, & World Bank Group. (2020). Levels And Trends In Child Malnutrition: Key Findings Of The 2020 Edition Of The Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/jme-2020-edition

Van Cooten, M. H., Bilal, S. M., Gebremedhin, S., & Spigt, M. (2019). The association between acute malnutrition and water, sanitation, and hygiene among children aged 6-59 months in rural Ethiopia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 15(1), e12631. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12631

Walson, J. L., & Berkley, J. A. (2018). The impact of malnutrition on childhood infections: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 31(3), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000448

WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group, & Onis, M. (2007). WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight, and age: WHO Child Growth Standards. Acta Paediatrica, 95, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x

World Health Organization. (2014). WHA Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Wasting Policy Brief. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/globaltargets_wasting_policybrief.pdf

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Yayasan RS.Dr. Soetomo

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.